India – A Small Investigation (இந்திய - ஒரு சிறிய புலனாய்வு )

Capital  New Delhi, population 12,800,000 

Major Cities 

Mumbai, population 16,400,000

Kolkata, population 13,200,000

Chennai, population 6,400,000

Bangalore, population 5,700,000

Hyderabad, population 5,500,000

Ahmedabad, population 5,000,000

Pune, population 4,000,000

India's Government:

India is a parliamentary democracy.

The head of government is the Prime Minister, currently Narendra Modi. Pranab Mukherjee is the current President and head of state. The President serves a five-year term; he or she appoints the Prime Minister.

The Indian Parliament orSansad is made up of the 245-member Rajya Sabha or upper house and the 545-member Lok Sabha or lower house. The Rajya Sabha is elected by state legislatures for six-year terms, while the Lok Sabha is elected directly by the people to five-year terms.

Population of India:

India is the second most populous nation on Earth, with approximately 1.2 billion citizens. The country's annual population growth rate is 1.55%.

Languages:

India has two official languages - Hindi and English. However, its citizens speak an array of languages spanning the Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burmic linguistic families. More than 1,500 languages are spoken today in India.

The languages with the most native speakers are: Hindi, 422 million; Bengali, 83 million; Telugu, 74 million; Marthi, 72 million; and Tamil, 61 million.

Religion:

Greater India is the birthplace of a number of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. Currently, about 80% of the population is Hindu, 13% is Muslim, 2.3% Christian, 1.9% Sikh, and there are smaller populations of Buddhists, Zoroastrians, Jews and Jains.

Indian Geography:

India covers 1.27 million square miles in area (3.29 million sq km). It is the seventh-largest country on Earth.

It borders on Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east, Bhutan, China and Nepal to the north, and Pakistan to the west.

Climate of India:

India's climate is strongly monsoonal, and is also influenced by the vast topographical variation between the coastal areas and the Himalaya range

Economy:

India has shaken off the doldrums of a socialist command economy, instituted after independence in the 1950s, and is now a rapidly-growing capitalist nation.

History of India:

Archaeological evidence of early modern humans in what is now India dates back 80,000 years. However, the first recorded civilization in the area appeared just over 5,000 years ago. This was the Indus Valley/ Harappan Civilization, c. 3300-1900 BCE, in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India.

After the Indus Valley Civilization fell, perhaps as a result of raiders from the north, India entered the Vedic period (c. 2000 BCE-500 BCE). Philosophies and beliefs that developed during this period influenced the Gautama Buddha, founder of Buddhism, and also led directly to the later development of Hinduism.

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